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A display manager is a program which manages X11 logins. It typically shows two fields, one for a user name and one for a password as well as drawing pretty things to look at in the meantime.
The Display Manager is usually the first thing you see after booting on a graphics workstation.
Display Mangers are often referred to simply as "DM" and there are several popular implementations of the XDMCP protocol (which is the protocol specified by X11 for how DMs should work) including KDM, GDM, XDM, WDM and SliM). Users of KDE usually use KDM and Gnome, GDM because those DMs are developed by their respective desktop projects.

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This is an article from the Knowledge Base, a project of the Vistua Online Helpdesk to form a body of articles relating to common system topics. You are welcome to contribute to it.